Zigzag stitch
Definition
A zigzag stitch is a machine stitch that swings the needle from side to side, set by width and length, used to finish raw edges and sew stretch fabrics.
Nearly every home sewing machine has a zigzag stitch, and it is the most versatile one after straight stitch. Two settings control it: width, how far the needle swings, and length, how far the fabric advances between swings.
Common uses and settings:
| Use | Width | Length |
|---|---|---|
| Finishing a raw edge | 3–5 mm | 1.5–2.5 mm |
| Seams in knit fabric | 0.5–1.5 mm | 2–2.5 mm |
| Attaching elastic | 3–5 mm | 2–3 mm |
| Satin stitch, appliqué | 2–4 mm | 0.3–0.5 mm |
To finish an edge, stitch so the right swing of the needle lands off the fabric, wrapping the edge, or sew in the allowance and trim close afterward. If the edge tunnels into a ridge, reduce the width or use an overcast foot.
On knits, a narrow zigzag stretches with the fabric where a straight stitch would snap. Many machines also have a three-step zigzag, which makes small stitches in each swing: it lies flatter on edges and is the best choice for elastic.
The zigzag is also the base of machine buttonholes, which are dense zigzag columns. It is the main alternative to a serger for neat seams; other options are listed under seam finish.